PRESENT PERFECT

MEANINGS..

Present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences.

•  An example is "I have eaten" (so I'm not hungry). Depending on the specific language, the events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed, as in "I have been eating" or "I have lived here for five years."

Present continuous tense

       FORM

        [ am/is/are + present participle]

• Examples:

You are watching TV.

Are you watching TV?

You are not watching TV.

~Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening  

    now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

• Examples:

You are learning English now.

You are not swimming now.

Are you sleeping?

I am sitting.

I am not standing.

Is he sitting or standing?

They are reading their books.

They are not watching television.

What are you doing?

Why aren't you doing your homework?

Longer Actions in Progress Now

~In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on.    

    Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer 

    action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

• Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

I am studying to become a doctor.

I am not studying to become a dentist.

I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.

I am not reading any books right now.

Are you working on any special projects at work?

Aren't you teaching at the university now?

Near Future

~Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen

    in the near future.

• Examples:

I am meeting some friends after work.

I am not going to the party tonight.

Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

Isn't he coming with us tonight?

 ~Repetition and Irritation with "Always"  .The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

• Examples:

She is always coming to class late.

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.

I don't like them because they are always complaining.

~REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

    It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses.

    Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. 

    Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.

• Examples:

She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct

She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

~The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

• Examples:

You are still watching TV.

Are you still watching TV?

Simple present tense

FORM

[VERB] + s/es in third person

Examples:

You speak English.

Do you speak English?

You do not speak English.

Repeated Actions

 ~Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a 

     habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be 

     something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

• Examples:

I play tennis.

She does not play tennis.

Does he play tennis?

The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.

The train does not leave at 9 AM.

When does the train usually leave?

She always forgets her purse.

He never forgets his wallet.

Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.

Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Facts or Generalizations

~The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and

    will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to

    make generalizations about people or things.

• Examples:

Cats like milk.

Birds do not like milk.

Do pigs like milk?

California is in America.

California is not in the United Kingdom.

Windows are made of glass.

Windows are not made of wood.

New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.

Scheduled Events in the Near Future

 ~Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is 

     most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other 

     scheduled events as well.

• Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.

The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.

When do we board the plane?

The party starts at 8 o'clock.

When does class begin tomorrow?

Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

 ~Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not

     happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbsand certain Mixed Verbs.

• Examples:

I am here now.

She is not here now.

He needs help right now.

He does not need help now.

He has his passport in his hand.

Do you have your passport with you?

ADVERB PLACEMENT

~The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still,

     just, etc.

• Examples:

You only speak English.

Do you only speak English?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

• Examples:

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active

Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive